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Fujita, Takashi; Horita, Zenji; Langdon, Terence G. |
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Using grain boundary engineering to evaluate the diffusion characteristics in ultrafine-grained Al–Mg and Al–Zn alloys |
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Journal Article |
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2004 |
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Abstract |
Materials Science and Engineering A |
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Corporate Author |
Mater. Sci. Eng. A |
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371 |
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1-2 |
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Summary Language |
241-250 |
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Diffusion; Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP); Grain boundary engineering; Interdiffusion |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
Samples of dilute Al–Mg and Al–Zn alloys, containing a minor Sc addition, were processed by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) to achieve grain refinement and different distributions of the grain boundary misorientations. Diffusion experiments were conducted on fine-grained alloys with either low or high fractions of grain boundaries having high-angle misorientations and on unpressed coarse-grained samples. The diffusion couples were annealed at temperatures from 493 to 848 K and the interdiffusion coefficients were determined from the concentration profiles using the Boltzmann–Matano technique. The results show the interdiffusion coefficients tend to be higher in fine-grained alloys having high fractions of high-angle boundaries than in fine-grained alloys having high fractions of low-angle boundaries. The experimental data are used to estimate values for the grain boundary diffusion coefficients. |
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NU @ karnesky @ |
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523 |
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Atrens, A.; Wang, J. Q.; Stiller, K.; Andren, H. O. |
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Atom probe field ion microscope measurements of carbon segregation at an alpha :alpha grain boundary and service failures by intergranular stress corrosion cracking |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Corrosion Science |
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48 |
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1 |
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79-92 |
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Grain boundary analysis; Pipeline steel; Carbon segregation; Stress corrosion cracking |
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This work reports on a critical measurement to understand the intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) of pipeline steels: the atom probe field ion microscope (APFIM) measurement of the carbon concentration at a grain boundary (GB). The APFIM measurement was related to the microstructure and to IGSCC observations. The APFIM indicated that the GB carbon concentration of X70 was not, vert, similar10 at% or less, which correlated with a high resistance to IGSCC for X70. |
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9396 |
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Barengolts, S. A.; Litvinov, E. A.; Uimanov, I. V. |
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The effect of field emission on the superconducting properties of a cathode |
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Journal Article |
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1994 |
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Physics Letters A |
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Phys. Lett. A |
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185 |
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1 |
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113-116 |
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Field Emission |
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An expression for the critical emission current density at which the superconducting-to-normal state transition occurs in the cathode subsurface region has been obtained. The case at issue is weak emission when the superconductivity can be strengthened due to the increase in electron density in the cathode for penetration of the external electric field into the cathode. |
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3372 |
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Rolander, U.; Andren, H. - O. |
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Study of proper conditions for quantitative atom-probe analysis |
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Journal Article |
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1994 |
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Applied Surface Science |
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Appl. Surf. Sci. |
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76/77 |
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392-402 |
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atom probe field ion microscopy |
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3351 |
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Barengolts, S. A.; Litvinov, E. A.; Uimanov, I. V. |
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Nonequilibrium effects in field electron emission from superconductors |
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Journal Article |
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1992 |
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Surface Science |
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Surf. Sci. |
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266 |
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1-3 |
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132-136 |
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Field Emission |
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The effect of penetration of an external electric field into a cathode being in the nonequilibrium superconducting state and the cathode emissive properties have been calculated. The state of nonequilibrium superconductivity in its turn, is caused by the emission process itself. |
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4970 |
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Barengolts, S. A.; Kreindel, Y., M; Litvinov, E. A. |
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Nonequilibrium effects in high current field emission |
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Journal Article |
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1992 |
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Surface Science |
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Surf. Sci. |
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266 |
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1-3 |
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126-131 |
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Field Emission |
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The effect of the temperature gradients and the electric field existing in the bulk of a metallic cathode on its field emission characteristics has been analyzed. It has been established that, at high emission current densities, the nonequilibrium additive to the electron distribution function increases the fraction of electron emitted with energies close to the Fermi level, as compared to the equilibrium case. Therefore, the form of the energy distribution of the emitted electrons changes and the energy flux through the emission boundary increases. |
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4969 |
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Abe, T.; Brenner, S. S.; Soffa, W. A. |
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Decomposition of a Cu-Ni-Cr ternary alloy |
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Journal Article |
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1991 |
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Surface Science |
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Surf. Sci. |
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246 |
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1-3 |
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266-271 |
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Atom Probe Field Ion Microscopy |
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Atom-probe field-ion microscopy (APFIM) was employed to study the phase separation process in a Cu-33.3at%Ni-1.7at%Cr ternary alloy. Formation of the coherent second phase was clearly observed after aging for 15 min at 823 K. Although no discrete precipitates were recognized in the Ne-ion image before 15 min aging, APFIM results showed a broadening in the concentration fluctuations. A grand-canonical (Gaussian) distribution was used to described the time evolution of the frequency distribution of Ni in the composition profiles. From the logarithmic plot of the relative change in variance versus aging time, the relaxation time for the clustering of Ni was determined. |
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4478 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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Audiffren, M.; Traimon, P.; Bardon, J.; Drechsler, M. |
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A study of atom zigzag chains on the surface of tungsten |
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Journal Article |
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1978 |
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Surface Science |
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Surf. Sci. |
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75 |
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4 |
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751-760 |
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surface structure; Field Ion Microscopy |
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Nishigaki and Nakamura have observed zigzag chains on the central (011) face of tungsten after field evaporation at T #62; 140 K. In this paper, a study of the formation, disappearance and structure of such chains is described. Tungsten tips of small radii down to 60 Ã… were used. Chains of 3 to 9 spots, that are clearly visible, are found even at 90 K. Four different structure models of the zigzag chains are discussed, including the multibranch model proposed by the Japanese authors. The interpretation of our experimental results shows fairly clearly that the real zigzag chain structure is a special non-dense structure. It must be formed by a local displacement of the tungsten adatoms in the field. Without the field, a zigzag chain is transformed into a two-dimensional cluster of the nearest neighbour atom by a small increase in temperature. If the field is reintroduced, the cluster can revert to the initial zigzag structure. The zigzag structure is interpreted as being caused by forces of repulsion between the atom dipoles. |
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8848 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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Audiffren, M.; Drechsler, M. |
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Displacements of individual adatoms by an electric field |
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Journal Article |
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1973 |
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Surface Science |
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Surf. Sci. |
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34 |
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2 |
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471-476 |
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adatom surface interactions and diffusion; Field Ion Microscopy |
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De´placements d'ad-atomes individuels par un champe´lectrique |
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6551 |
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Seidman, D. N.; Current, M. I.; Pramanik, D.; Wei, C. Y. |
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Direct observations of the primary state of radiation damage of ion-irradiated tungsten and platinum |
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Journal Article |
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1981 |
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Nuclear Instruments and Methods |
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182-183 |
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1 |
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477-481 |
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A brief summary of the major results of Cornell work on the primary state of radiation damage in ion-irradiated tungsten and plantinum is presented. The primary research tool for this research is the field-ion microscope (FIM). The FIM is ideally suited for this research because of its excellent atomic resolution and the ability to examine the interior of the specimens as a result of the field-evaporation effect. This paper summarizes, in outline form: (1) the main experimental programs; (2) the principal experimental quantities determined from the analyses performed on all the individual depleted zones (DZs) observed; (3) a number of the more important results and conclusions concerning the vacancy structure of DZs; and (4) the three-dimensional spatial distribution of self-interstitial atoms detected around DZs in tungsten which had been irradiated and examined in situ at <10 K. |
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8079 |
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