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Current, Michael I.; Seidman, David N. |
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Sputtering of tungsten: a direct view of a near surface depleted zone created by a single 30 keV63 Cu+ projectile |
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1980 |
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Nuclear Instruments and Methods |
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170 |
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1-3 |
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377-381 |
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The vacancy structure of near-surface depleted zone (DZ), created by a single 30 keV 63Cu+ ion in a tungsten field-ion microscope (FIM) specimen, was determined with atomic resolution. Both the irradiation and pulse field-evaporation experiments were performed in situ at less, approximate11 K, so that the observed vacancy structure was unaltered by the long-range migration of self-interstitial atoms. The following basic physical quantities were measured: (1) the number of vacancies; (2) the dimensions; (3) the vacancy concentration; (4) the distribution of first-nearest-neighbor vacancy clusters; and (5) the radial-distribution function for the vacancies out to ninth-nearest neighbor. The values of these quantitieswere shown to be similar for both the near-surface DZ and DZs created in the bulk of the same specimen by 30 keV 63Cu+ projectiles. |
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8862 |
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Causey, R.; Hsu, W.; Mills, B.; Ehrenberg, J.; Phillips, V. |
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Tritium Retention And Migration In Beryllium |
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Journal Article |
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1990 |
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Journal Of Nuclear Materials |
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J. Nucl. Mater. |
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176 |
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654-660 |
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With the recent successful operation in JET, beryllium must be considered a leading plasma-facing material. However, little is known about beryllium's hydrogen isotope retention and migration properties. This paper presents the results of a coordinated experimental program performed to characterize the hydrogen isotope retention and release in beryllium. In the first set of experiments, measurements of the plasma-driven permeation of deuterium through beryllium membranes were conducted. No detectable permeation was obtained for temperatures below 670 K, and the higher temperature results were strongly affected by the oxide layers on the samples. In the second set of experiments, samples were exposed to a D-T plasma in the Tritium Plasma Experiment. The samples were subsequently removed for dissolution tritium counting. The retention was seen to initially decrease with increasing exposure temperature, but reached a local maximum at 770 K. |
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Jet Joint Undertaking,Abingdon Ox14 3ea,Oxon,England |
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Elsevier Science Bv |
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English |
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0022-3115 |
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ISI:A1990FC48200101 |
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NU @ karnesky @ |
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10009 |
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Seidman, David N.; Current, Michael I.; Pramanik, Dipankar; Wei, Ching-Yeu |
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Atomic resolution observations of the point defect structure of depleted zones in ion-irradiated metals |
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Journal Article |
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1982 |
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Journal of Nuclear Materials |
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J. Nucl. Mater. |
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108-109 |
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67-68 |
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The previous termpoint defectnext term structure of individual depleted zones (DZs) created by a variety of different projectile ions, with energies in the range 15–90 keV, was studied employing the field-ion microscope technique [1–9]. The irradiations were performed in situ at a temperature of less than. 15 K in the case of tungsten and 40 K for platinum. The fluence was always less then 1013 ions cm−2, so that each depleted zone detected was created by a single energetic projectile ion. The following variables were studied: (1) the effect of varying the initial energy of the projectile ion at constant projectile mass; (2) the effect of varying the projectile mass at constant initial energy of the projectile ion; and (3) the non-linear effects produced by employing dimer ions (W+2 and Ag+2). The analyses of the depleted zones consisted of measuring and/or determining the following quantities: (1) the number of vacancies per DZ; (2) the spatial distribution of self-interstitial atoms around the DZs in the case of tungsten; (3) the dimensions of the DZs; (4) the vacancy concentration per DZ; (5) the radial distribution function of the vacancies within each DZ; (6) the radiation damage profiles due to the cumulative effects of many DZs; and (7) the non-linear effects produced by the dimer irradiations. The results are discussed and compared with different analytical theories and computer simulations of the primary state of radiation damage. |
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8285 |
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Seol, J.; Lim, N.; Lee, B.; Renaud, L.; Park, C. |
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Atom probe tomography and nano secondary ion mass spectroscopy investigation of the segregation of boron at austenite grain boundaries in 0.5 wt.% carbon steels |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Metals and Materials International |
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3 |
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413-416 |
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Metallic Materials |
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The grain boundary segregation of boron atoms in high strength low alloy steels containing 50 ppm boron was accomplished using atom probe tomography (APT) and nano-beam secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). The formation of boro-carbides under an excessive addition of boron to the steels was identified through the SIMS and TEM. The APT was performed in order to evaluate the composition of the alloying elements, such as, boron and carbon, segregated at prior austenite grain boundaries. The boron contents at the prior austenite grain boundaries were approximately 1.7 ± 0.2 at.%, which was approximately 70 times more than the amount of boron added to the steels. |
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The Korean Institute of Metals and Materials, co-published with Springer Netherlands |
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1598-9623 |
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NU @ karnesky @ |
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11171 |
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Wang, Hua; Zhu, Naqiong; Shi, Wen; Li, Lin; Liu, Rendong |
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Effect of Mn and P on precipitation behavior and solute distribution in ultra-low carbon bake hardening steels |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Journal of Materials Science |
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46 |
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9 |
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2982-2990 |
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Engineering |
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The effect of Mn and P on types of precipitates as well as solute distributions in ultra-low carbon bake hardening (ULC-BH) steels was originally investigated in this paper. Three samples of hot-rolled ULC-BH steels (Ti–V, Ti–V–Mn, and Ti–V–P) were prepared. The types of precipitates in the three samples were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and further calculated by Thermo-Calc. The different types of nanometer sized vanadium carbides are clearly characterized by SEM and TEM, and results of calculation and experiments are generally in agreement. Besides, the solute distributions in Ti–V–Mn and Ti–V–P steels were detected by three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP). It is found that no Ti, N, or S elements are present in both of the two steels, and the distribution patterns of the solute elements in the two steels are completely determined. Results show that SEM, TEM combining with 3DAP can well detect the existence of elements added into the bake hardening steels, and are very useful techniques for the base of the further investigation of mechanical properties and bake hardening phenomenon in bake hardening steels. |
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Springer Netherlands |
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0022-2461 |
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NU @ karnesky @ |
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11049 |
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Rajgarhia, Rahul; Saxena, Ashok; Spearot, Douglas; Hartwig, K.; More, Karren; Kenik, Edward; Meyer, Harry |
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Microstructural stability of copper with antimony dopants at grain boundaries: experiments and molecular dynamics simulations |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Journal of Materials Science |
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In Press |
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Abstract This study presents evidence that the microstructural stability of fine-grained and nanocrystalline Cu is improved by alloying with Sb. Experimentally, Cu100-x Sb x alloys are cast in three compositions (Cu-0.0, 0.2, and 0.5 at.%Sb) and extruded into fine-grained form (with average grain diameter of 350 nm) by equal channel angular extrusion. Alloying the Cu specimens with Sb causes an increase in the temperature associated with microstructural evolution to 400 °C, compared to 250 °C for pure Cu. This is verified by measurements of microhardness, ultimate tensile strength, and grain size using transmission electron microscopy. Complementary molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed on nanocrystalline Cu–Sb alloy models (with average grain diameter of 10 nm). MD simulations show fundamentally that Sb atoms placed at random sites along the grain boundaries can stabilize the nanocrystalline Cu microstructure during an accelerated annealing process. |
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NU @ karnesky @ |
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10879 |
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Miller, M. K.; Beaven, P. A.; Brenner, S. S.; Smith, G. D. W. |
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An atom probe study of the aging of iron-nickel-carbon martensite |
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Journal Article |
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1983 |
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Metall. Trans. A |
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14, |
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1021-1024 |
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martensite Fe-Ni-C APFIM aging; atom probe field ion microscopy |
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8413 |
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Kellogg, G. L.; Brenner, S. S. |
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Atomic-level studies of superconducting and nonsuperconducting YBa2Cu3O7-x |
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Journal Article |
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1989 |
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Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing |
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Appl. Phys. A |
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A48 |
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197-201 |
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123 high Tc superconductor APFIM; Atom Probe Field Ion Microscopy |
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4723 |
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Böhner, Andreas; Maier, Verena; Durst, Karsten; Höppel, Heinz Werner; Göken, Mathias |
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Macro- and Nanomechanical Properties and Strain Rate Sensitivity of Accumulative Roll Bonded and Equal Channel Angular Pressed Ultrafine-Grained Materials |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Advanced Engineering Materials |
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Adv. Eng. Mater. |
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13 |
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4 |
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251-255 |
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Abstract Several processes of severe plastic deformation are suitable for the production of materials with ultrafine-grained microstructures which are known to exhibit high strength and often good ductility as well as strain rate sensitive behavior. The most promising ones are equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) for bulk material and accumulative roll bonding (ARB) for the production of sheet material. In order to evaluate the influence of the process on these mechanical properties and the strain rate sensitivity, tensile tests, and nanoindentation tests were performed on material produced up to similar effective plastic strains of [epsilon]ARB = 6.4 and [epsilon]ECAP = 6.3. It could be shown that the macroscopic strength is slightly higher for ARB than for ECAP material and vice versa in nanoindentation. Independent of the testing method, the strain rate sensitivities and activation volumes are similar for both materials. Thus, both processes performed up to similar effective plastic strains lead to comparable improvements in the mechanical properties. Additionally it could be shown, that this comparison allows the identification of the dominant deformation mechanism which is responsible for the observed strain rate sensitivity. |
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WILEY-VCH Verlag |
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1527-2648 |
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NU @ karnesky @ |
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11068 |
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Nie, Zuo-ren; Jin, Tou-nan; Zou, Jing-xia; Fu, Jing-bo; Yang, Jin-jun; Zuo, Tie-yong |
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Development on research of advanced rare-earth aluminum alloy |
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2003 |
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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China |
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13 |
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509-514 |
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aluminum alloy; rare earth; erbium; scandium; misch metal; Al3Er , SC ALLOY |
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The active mechanisms of rare earth element erbium (Er) in part of aluminum alloys were investigated. Based on the investigation of the effect of the unitary rare earth elements (Er, La, Y, Ce, Nd, Gd, and Sc) and the transition element zirconium on the aluminum alloys, it is concluded that, with Er alloyed, high purity aluminum and Al-Mg alloys are featured with refined grain structure, superior heat stability and even higher hardness or tensile strength with unchanged ductility; but Er is not beneficial to the mechanical property of Al-Cu alloy, so is Sc. It may also be concluded, to most of the aluminum alloys, Er can be an effective alloying element, like Sc; and for the lower price of Er, the cost of modifying aluminum alloys by Er will be reduced. |
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NU @ karnesky @ |
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186 |
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